Quick vim
Lessons
Here is a quick walkthrough to get a taste of vim.
Lesson 1: Navigation
Download the following file for practice using vim
in this session.
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The file named jfk.txt
should be downloaded. Now let's start your first vim
session.
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When you start, you will be in NORMAL
mode. For now, just move around the cursor with H J K L. Get comfortable using the keys.
Next, try ( and ) to move forward and backward, sentence-by-sentence.
Next, try { and } to move forward and backward, paragraph-by-paragraph.
Now, try Ctrl+F and Ctrl+B to move forward and backward, page-by-page.
Use 0 to jump to the beginning of the line, and Shift+4 ($) to jump to the end of the line.
Use G+G to jump to the beginning of the file, and Shift+G (G
) to jump to the last line of the file.
Now try /, type in any word (or prefix of a word) and Enter. This should move the cursor to the beginning of the word. You can use N and Shift+N to move to the next match and the previous match.
When you are comfortable moving around, you can Shift+Z+Z to exit.
Congratulations, you have just completed your first session in vim
!
Lesson 2: Manipulating Text
Now, we are going to open up the same file again and try to manipulate the text. We are going to stay in the NORMAL
mode still.
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Deletion
Try 0 D 3 W to move the cursor to the beginning of the line and delete three words.
Press U to undo. This is another lifesaver that you should remember.
In vim
, repeating the same command twice usually means applying it to the whole line. So D D deletes the current line. Try that.
Pairing a command with Shift (or the capital letter version) usually means applying the action until the end of the line. So Shift+D deletes from the current cursor until the end of the line.
Copy-Pasting
Hit P to paste back what you just deleted. Try moving the cursor to somewhere else and paste.
To copy (or yank) the current line, hit Y Y.
Remember that all these commands can be composed using the movement-action-movement pattern. For instance, Shift+9 Y Shift+0, which corresponds to: move to the beginning of the sentence, yank, and until the end of the sentence, basically copy the current sentence.
As you have seen in the D 2 W example, you can precede an action with a number to repeat an action multiple times.
Try Y Y 9 P. You should be able to understand what just happened!
Deleting a Character
The X command deletes the current character.
Try this exercise: At the end of the file jfk.txt
, there are some typos:
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libertyi. liberty.
to libtery.
by positioning the cursor on the second i
and deleting it. Then use Shift+D to delete the extra liberty.
at the end of the sentence.
Visual Mode
In addition to the INSERT
and NORMAL
modes, vim
has the third mode, the VISUAL
mode. You can enter the VISUAL
mode by hitting V. Once in visual mode, you can move your cursor to select the text and perform some actions on it (e.g., D or X to delete, Y to yank).
Hitting Shift+V will allow you to select line-by-line.
The VISUAL
mode allows us to pipe the selected text to another Unix command, and replace it with the result of that command.
Go ahead and try to select a paragraph in jfk.txt
, and hit :. You will see that
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appears in the last line of the terminal. At this point, you can type in actions that you want to perform on the selected text. For instance,
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will write it to a file named john.txt
.
But, let's try the following:
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!fmt
tells vim
to invoke the shell and run fmt
. fmt
is another simple small Unix utility that takes in a text (from standard input) and spews out formatted text in the standard output. You will see that the width of the text has changed to the default of 65.
You can try something that we have seen before. Select the text again, and hit
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The selected text will be replaced with the output from wc
.
The :
command
You have seen examples of :
commands for writing to a file or piping selected text to an external command.
The :
command also enables many actions that you can do in vim
. Here are a few essential yet simple commands.
- To jump to a line, hit : followed by the line number.
- To open another file, hit : and then type in
e <filename>
- To find help on a topic, hit : and then type in
help <keyword>
Other advanced features such as search-and-replace, changing preferences, splitting windows, and opening new tabs, are also accessible from the :
command.
The :
command prompt supports Ctrl+P and Ctrl+N for navigating back and forth your command history, just like bash
. It also supports Tab for auto-completion.
Lesson 3: Insert mode!
Finally, we are going to try inserting some text. Remember, to use INSERT
mode, we always start with a command I A O or S (may pair with Shift) followed by the text that
you want to insert, followed by Esc.
Let's try I (insert). Place your cursor anywhere, hit I, and start typing, when you are done. Hit Esc.
You just added some text to the file.
Place your cursor anywhere, hit A (append), and start typing, when you are done. Hit Esc. A appends the text to the end of the current line.
Hit O (open) and start typing, when you are done. Hit Esc. O opens up a new line for your text.
Hit S (substitute) and start typing, when you are done. Hit Esc. S substitute the current character with your text.
Now try it with Shift and see the difference in behavior.
Learning More
You can run vimtutor
to learn more about vim
.
You can also check out the tips that we have collected for CS1010 or watch the various tutorials online.
Here are some useful resources on vim
:
- Learn vim Progressively.
- Vim: Precision Editing at the Speed of Thought: A talk by Drew Neil
- Vim Adventure: An adventure game for learning
vim
- Vim Casts: Videos and articles for teaching
vim
- Vim Video Tutorials by Derek Wyatt
- Vim Awesome: Directory of plugins.